Your Essential Checklist for Buying a Tankless Water Heater

Switching to a tankless water heater can be a game-changer, offering endless hot water, potential energy savings, and a longer lifespan than traditional tank units. However, with various models and features available, making the right choice can feel overwhelming. This comprehensive checklist will guide you through the crucial factors and specifications to consider before you invest in a tankless water heater, ensuring you select the perfect unit to meet your household's unique needs and climate considerations.

Your Essential Tankless Water Heater Buying Checklist:

1. Fuel Type: Gas vs. Electric

• Natural Gas: Often the most cost-effective and powerful option for whole-house tankless water heaters, if a gas line is available. Consider the BTU rating for sufficient hot water flow.
  
• Propane: A viable alternative if natural gas isn't available. Requires propane tank installation and regular refills.
  
• Electric: Easier to install in some cases but generally has a lower flow rate and can be more expensive to operate depending on electricity costs in your area. Suitable for point-of-use applications or smaller households with lower hot water demands.

2. Flow Rate (Gallons Per Minute - GPM)

• Calculate Your Peak Demand: This is the most critical factor. List all the hot water appliances you might use simultaneously (showers, faucets, dishwasher, washing machine). Add up their individual flow rates to determine your peak demand.
      -Example: Shower (2.5 GPM) + Kitchen Faucet (2 GPM) + Dishwasher (1.5 GPM) = 6 GPM peak demand.
  
• Size Accordingly: Choose a unit with a GPM rating that meets or slightly exceeds your peak demand to avoid the "cold water sandwich" effect (a brief drop in temperature when another appliance starts using hot water).
  
• Consider Future Needs: Think about potential future renovations or additions that might increase your hot water demand.

3. Temperature Rise (°F)

• Determine Your Incoming Water Temperature: Groundwater temperature varies by region. You'll need to know your typical incoming cold water temperature, especially during the coldest months.
  
• Factor in Your Desired Output Temperature: Most people prefer shower temperatures around 105-115°F.
  
• Calculate Required Temperature Rise: Desired Output Temperature - Incoming Water Temperature = Required Temperature Rise.
  
• Match Unit Specifications: Ensure the tankless water heater you choose can deliver the required temperature rise at your desired flow rate. Units with higher BTU (for gas) or higher kilowatt (kW) ratings (for electric) generally offer a greater temperature rise.

4. Unit Type: Whole-House vs. Point-of-Use

• Whole-House: Designed to supply hot water to your entire home. Requires higher flow rates and temperature rise capabilities. Typically, gas-powered for larger demands.
  
• Point-of-Use: Installed directly at the fixture where hot water is needed (e.g., a bathroom sink, a remote guest bathroom). Often electric and suitable for lower demand applications. Consider if you need hot water at isolated locations or want to supplement a whole-house system.

5. Energy Efficiency (Energy Factor - EF)

• Compare EF Ratings: Tankless water heaters are generally more energy-efficient than tank models because they only heat water when needed, eliminating standby heat loss. Look for a higher Energy Factor (EF) rating to maximize savings on your utility bills.
  
• Consider ENERGY STAR Certification: These models meet specific energy efficiency guidelines.

6. Venting Requirements (for Gas Models)

• Natural Draft Venting: Older, less efficient models that vent exhaust gases through a chimney. May not meet current building codes in some areas.
  
• Power Venting: Uses a fan to push exhaust gases out through a dedicated pipe, often horizontally. Offers more flexible installation options.
  
• Condensing Venting: Highly efficient models that extract extra heat from the exhaust gases. Require PVC or CPVC venting pipes as the exhaust is cooler. Check local codes for specific venting requirements.

7. Installation Requirements and Costs

• Professional Installation Recommended: Due to gas and electrical connections and plumbing, professional installation by a licensed plumber and/or electrician is highly recommended for safety and to ensure proper operation and warranty validity.
  
• Consider Existing Infrastructure: Upgrading gas lines, electrical panels, or plumbing may be necessary and can add to the overall cost. Get detailed quotes from multiple installers.
  
• Vetting Costs: Factor in the cost of the unit, installation labor, permits, and any necessary upgrades to your existing infrastructure.

8. Maintenance Requirements

• Descaling Needs: Understand the water hardness in your area. Hard water will require more frequent descaling (flushing) to prevent mineral buildup and prolong the unit's lifespan.
  
• Filter Maintenance: Check if the unit has a filter that needs periodic cleaning or replacement.
  
• Professional Servicing: Plan for annual professional inspections to ensure optimal performance and catch potential issues early.

9. Features and Technology

• Built-in Recirculation: Some models offer a recirculation pump that provides near-instant hot water at your faucets, reducing water waste. Consider if this feature is important for your comfort and water conservation efforts.
  
• Digital Controls and Displays: User-friendly interfaces for setting temperature and monitoring performance.
  
• Safety Features: Look for features like overheat protection, freeze protection, and leak detection.
  
• Smart Home Integration: Some newer models offer Wi-Fi connectivity and integration with smart home systems.

10. Warranty

• Compare Warranty Terms: Check the manufacturer's warranty on the heat exchanger and other components. Longer warranties often indicate higher build quality.
  
• Understand Warranty Requirements: Be aware of any specific maintenance requirements to keep the warranty valid.

By carefully considering these factors and using this checklist as your guide, you can confidently navigate the process of buying a tankless water heater and select a unit that will provide you with years of reliable, efficient, and endless hot water.

Don't hesitate to consult with qualified plumbing and HVAC professionals to get personalized recommendations based on your specific home and hot water usage patterns.